{"id":3675,"date":"2026-03-19T14:35:59","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T14:35:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/?p=3675"},"modified":"2026-03-25T14:57:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T14:57:26","slug":"sat-test-1-reading-and-writing-1st-module","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/sat-test-1-reading-and-writing-1st-module\/","title":{"rendered":"SAT (Free Test 1 Reading &amp; Writing Module 1st With Hack"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prepare for the SAT Test: Real Exams Question and Solution Practice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Are you looking for a real-time SAT? If yes, then you are in the right place. We have designed a similar exam format with all the necessary features. You just take the SAT Test Reading and Writing Module First to practice your skills. The best part is that you practice within the time limit, and there are explanations of the correct answers and tips and tricks to get a perfect score on the SAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ABOUT THE SAT MODULES<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The SAT is divided into four modules. There are two categories with each divided two modules into. The first category is &#8220;Reading and Writing&#8221; with two modules. The second category is &#8220;Math&#8221; with two modules. The one, you will do below is SAT Practice Test Reading and Writing Module 1st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first module keeps questions from easy to difficult but the second module only contains difficult questions. If you want to do some other SATs then visit the links below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/category\/sat-english\/module-1st\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">1st Module of SAT Reading And Writing Practice Tests<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/category\/sat-english\/module-2nd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">2nd Module of SAT Reading And Writing Practice Tests<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/category\/sat-math\/1st-module\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">1st Module of SAT Math Practice Tests<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/category\/sat-math\/2nd-module\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">2nd Module of SAT Math Practice Tests<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SAT READING AND WRITING MODULE 1ST<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The first module of reading and writing in SAT contains four segments <strong>Craft and Structure,<\/strong> <strong>Information and Ideas<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Standard English Conventions<\/strong>, and<strong> Expression of Ideas<\/strong>. The questions in Module 1st are from easy to difficult. In a real SAT exam, you will have to answer 27 questions within 32 minutes. The same you will find here in this Practice Test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instructions for the SAT Real-Time Exam<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Go Back-and-Forth:<\/strong> You will see an arrow on the right or left corner of the slide; click to move forward or backward.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interaction:<\/strong> You will see on the top right corner a press button that tells you, there are some interactive components in the slide. You click the press button to know.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Timer: <\/strong>On the top of the slide, you will see the timer. We have divided the time based on the average of the module 1st. (The 32 minutes are equally divided into 27 questions&#8217; time.) It is best if you note the time before starting and after finishing the practice test to measure, &#8220;Was it within 32 minutes or not?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mute:<\/strong> You can click on the speaker button to mute the audio.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Image:<\/strong> You can click on graphs, tables, or other images to expand and see it on full screen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mobile:<\/strong> You cannot take the real exam on mobile, but you can give our practice exam on mobile.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tips:<\/strong> This article will help you know more about the SAT Exams. <a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/everything-about-the-sat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"SAT: EVERYTHING ABOUT THE SAT\">SAT: EVERYTHING ABOUT THE SAT<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n        <script>\n          window.KQ_FRONT = window.KQ_FRONT || {};\n          window.KQ_FRONT.quiz_id = 7;\n          window.KQ_FRONT.rest = \"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/kq\/v1\/\";\n        <\/script>\n        <div id=\"kapil-quiz-7\"\n             class=\"kapil-quiz-container\"\n             data-kq-app\n             data-quiz-id=\"7\">\n            <div class=\"kq-loading\">Loading quiz...<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <div id=\"kq-auth-modal\" class=\"kq-auth-modal\" style=\"display:none;\">\n      <div class=\"kq-auth-modal-inner\">\n        <button id=\"kq-auth-close\" class=\"kq-auth-close\" aria-label=\"Close\">\u2716<\/button>\n\n        <!-- TAB NAV -->\n        <div class=\"kq-auth-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n          <button class=\"kq-tab active\" data-tab=\"register\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"true\">Register<\/button>\n          <button class=\"kq-tab\" data-tab=\"login\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\">Login<\/button>\n          <button class=\"kq-tab\" data-tab=\"forgot\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\">Forgot<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- PANELS -->\n        <div class=\"kq-auth-panel-wrap\">\n\n          <!-- REGISTER -->\n          <div class=\"kq-auth-panel\" data-panel=\"register\" style=\"display:block\">\n            <div class=\"kq-auth-card\">\n              <h3>Register<\/h3>\n              <div class=\"kq-field\">\n                <input id=\"kq-signup-username\" placeholder=\"Username\" \/>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"kq-field\">\n                <input id=\"kq-signup-email\" placeholder=\"Email\" type=\"email\" \/>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"kq-field\">\n                <input id=\"kq-signup-password\" placeholder=\"Password\" type=\"password\" \/>\n                <button class=\"kq-toggle-pass\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Toggle password\">\ud83d\udc41<\/button>\n              <\/div>\n              <button id=\"kq-signup-btn\" class=\"button kq-btn-small\">Register<\/button>\n              <small style=\"display:block;margin-top:8px;\">Already registered? Use Login tab.<\/small>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <!-- LOGIN -->\n          <div class=\"kq-auth-panel\" data-panel=\"login\" style=\"display:none\">\n            <div class=\"kq-auth-card\">\n              <h3>Login<\/h3>\n              <div class=\"kq-field\">\n                <input id=\"kq-login-identity\" placeholder=\"Username or Email\" \/>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"kq-field\">\n                <input id=\"kq-login-password\" placeholder=\"Password\" type=\"password\" \/>\n                <button class=\"kq-toggle-pass\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Toggle password\">\ud83d\udc41<\/button>\n              <\/div>\n              <button id=\"kq-login-btn\" class=\"button kq-btn-small\">Login<\/button>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <!-- FORGOT -->\n          <div class=\"kq-auth-panel\" data-panel=\"forgot\" style=\"display:none\">\n            <div class=\"kq-auth-card\">\n              <h3>Forgot Password<\/h3>\n              <div class=\"kq-field\">\n                <input id=\"kq-forgot-identity\" placeholder=\"Username or Email\" \/>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"kq-field\">\n                <input id=\"kq-forgot-newpass\" placeholder=\"New Password\" type=\"password\" \/>\n                <button class=\"kq-toggle-pass\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Toggle password\">\ud83d\udc41<\/button>\n              <\/div>\n              <button id=\"kq-forgot-btn\" class=\"button kq-btn-small\">Update Password<\/button>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our team has reviewed some of the best SAT learning materials for your convenience. These materials are best for your career growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Check Our Review Blog: <a href=\"https:\/\/review.mrenglishkj.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">review.mrenglishkj.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SAT READING AND WRITING QUESTION SOLUTIONS WITH EXPLANATION<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Do not open the tabs before finishing the practice test above! For your convenience, we have compiled all the solutions and their explanations here. We will also give you some tips or advice to help you understand them better. You&#8217;ll see <strong>&#8216;why this answer is correct&#8217;<\/strong> and <strong>&#8216;why this is incorrect.&#8217;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SAT English||Module 1st||Reading and Writing Test 1st||SAT Test||SATs||SAT Exam\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4jK5Uzjh43M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reading and Writing Answers and Explanations: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The color green shows the correct answer, red shows an incorrect answer, and blue shows tips or tricks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion alignfull\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>1st Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>The following text is from the 1913 story \u201cThe King\u2019s Coin\u201d by Emily Pauline Johnson, a Kanienkahagen (Mohawk) writer also known as Tekahionwake. Fox-Foot, a young Ojibwe man, is guiding a group of fur traders who are traveling by canoe and suspects that they are being followed.<br>At supper time, Fox-Foot would allow no fire to be built, no landing to be made, no <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">trace<\/span> of their passing to be left. They ate canned meat and marmalade, drank again of the stream and pushed on, until just at dusk they reached the edge of a long, still lake, with shores of granite and dense fir forest.<br>As used in the text, what does the word \u201ctrace\u201d most nearly mean?<br>A) Evidence<br>B) Blemish<br>C) Amount<br>D) Sketch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice A <\/strong>is the best answer because the text indicates that Fox-Foot doesn\u2019t let the group build a fire or create a canoe landing when it\u2019s time for supper. This context suggests that he doesn\u2019t want anyone who might be following the group to see any sign of them or their activities. In other words, Fox-Foot doesn\u2019t want there to be any trace, or evidence, of the group\u2019s movements (\u201ctheir passing\u201d) through the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because the text conveys that Fox-Foot doesn\u2019t want the group to be detected, not that he doesn\u2019t want their presence to create a blemish, or a spoiling flaw, in the area; human activity could disturb a natural environment, but the context emphasizes that Fox-Foot is instead focused on avoiding giving any sign of the group\u2019s movements through a place (\u201ctheir passing\u201d) to anyone who might be following them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the text focuses on Fox-Foot\u2019s desire to avoid detection by those who might be following the group. This context conveys that Fox-Foot doesn\u2019t want to create any signs or evidence of the group moving through a place (\u201ctheir passing\u201d), not that he doesn\u2019t want to leave behind some quantity of their presence; indeed, it isn\u2019t clear what an amount of a group\u2019s movement would be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because nothing in the text suggests that the group has a sketch, or rough drawing, of their movements through that area (\u201ctheir passing\u201d) that might be left behind. Rather, the context emphasizes that Fox-Foot is focused on ensuring that the group doesn\u2019t give any kind of indication of their presence, as he wants to avoid detection by anyone who might be following the group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Skim a sentence before and after the underlined word sentence to choose the quick answer.<br><br><strong>WORD MEANING:<\/strong><br><strong>Trace:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0find\u00a0someone or something that was\u00a0lost<br>[e.g. = The police traced the criminals of the recent attack.]<br>~ to\u00a0find\u00a0the\u00a0cause or origin\u00a0of something (by examining)<br>[e.g. = Scientists have not been able to trace the change in natural environment.]<br>~ to\u00a0draw\u00a0a\u00a0shape\u00a0by\u00a0showing\u00a0the\u00a0main\u00a0or\u00a0outer\u00a0lines<br>[e.g. = She\u00a0learned\u00a0to write her\u00a0name\u00a0by tracing\u00a0the\u00a0letters.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ a\u00a0mark\u00a0or\u00a0sign\u00a0(that something\u00a0happened\u00a0or\u00a0existed in a very small amount or degree)<br>[e.g. = We have found traces of burnt fumes in the air.]<br><br><strong>Evidence<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em> = Often Used as <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/passive-voice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Passive Voice<\/a>)<br>~ to\u00a0provide\u00a0evidence\u00a0(facts,\u00a0information, etc. that give\u00a0reasons\u00a0for\u00a0believing)\u00a0that something is\u00a0true\u00a0or\u00a0present<br>[e.g. = The\u00a0huge\u00a0improvement\u00a0in\u00a0our\u00a0service\u00a0is evidenced by\u00a0recent\u00a0customer\u00a0surveys.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Uncountable<\/em>)<br>~ anything that\u00a0helps\u00a0to\u00a0prove\u00a0that something is or is not\u00a0true<br>[e.g. = The\u00a0FBI\u00a0has\u00a0found\u00a0no evidence of a\u00a0crime.]<br><strong><br>Blemish<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ To spoil something<br>[e.g. = This\u00a0latest\u00a0revelation\u00a0has\u00a0seriously\u00a0blemished the governor&#8217;s\u00a0reputation.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>, Sometimes Uncountable)<br>~ a\u00a0mark\u00a0or\u00a0fault\u00a0that\u00a0spoils\u00a0the\u00a0appearance\u00a0of someone or something<br>[e.g. = Makeup can\u00a0cover\u00a0up\u00a0your\u00a0skin\u00a0blemishes.]<br>~ A blemish can also be a\u00a0mistake\u00a0or\u00a0fault<br>[e.g. = Only one blemish\u00a0spoiled\u00a0her\u00a0school\u00a0record.]<br><strong><br>Amount<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ a\u00a0collection, quantity,\u00a0or\u00a0mass,\u00a0especially\u00a0of something that cannot be\u00a0counted<br>[e.g. = Did you see the amount of money he possessed?]<br><strong><br>Sketch<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em> or <em>Intransitive<\/em>)<br>~ to make a sketch or drawing of something<br>[e.g. = I sketched with pen and pencil.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ a\u00a0simple,\u00a0quickly\u00a0made\u00a0drawing:<br>[e.g. = I made a colorful sketch.]<br>~ a\u00a0short,\u00a0humorous\u00a0part\u00a0of a\u00a0stage,\u00a0television, or\u00a0radio\u00a0show<br>[e.g. = She\u00a0helped\u00a0write a sketch for a\u00a0comedy\u00a0show<em>.<\/em>]<br>~ a\u00a0short\u00a0description\u00a0that does not give many\u00a0details<br>[e.g. = It is a\u00a0biographical\u00a0sketch.]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<br><\/strong>The following text is from the 1913 story \u201cThe King\u2019s Coin\u201d by Emily Pauline Johnson, a Kanienkahagen (Mohawk) writer also known as Tekahionwake. Fox-Foot, a young Ojibwe man, is guiding a group of fur traders who are traveling by canoe and <strong>suspects that they are being followed<\/strong>.<br>At supper time, Fox-Foot would allow <strong>no fire to be built<\/strong>, <strong>no landing to be made<\/strong>, no <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">trace<\/span> of their <strong>passing to be left<\/strong>. They ate canned meat and marmalade, drank again of the stream and pushed on, until just at dusk they reached the edge of a long, still lake, with shores of granite and dense fir forest.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>2nd Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>Many ancient sculptures of people\u2019s heads are missing their noses. This is because the nose is the most _________ part of a sculpture of a person\u2019s head. It is delicate and sticks out from the rest of the sculpture, making it especially easy to break.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?<br>A) recognizable<br>B) fragile<br>C) common<br>D) sophisticated<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of noses on ancient sculptures. In this context, \u201cfragile\u201d means weak or delicate. This matches the text\u2019s description of noses on ancient sculptures, which are often missing from sculptures\u2019 heads because they are \u201cespecially easy to break.\u201d Therefore, this context indicates that the noses on ancient sculptures are the most fragile part of the sculptures\u2019 heads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect. In this context, \u201crecognizable\u201d would mean identifiable, and since the text indicates that noses are often missing from ancient statues, they therefore cannot be the most recognizable part of the statue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the text indicates that many ancient statues are missing noses, so noses wouldn\u2019t be \u201ccommon,\u201d or frequent, aspects of ancient statues; they would conversely be uncommon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the text only indicates that noses on ancient statues often stick out and end up missing from the heads, which doesn\u2019t relate to the noses being \u201csophisticated,\u201d or knowledgeable or refined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">The first sentence indicates a negative trait, &#8216;missing&#8217; a hint for you to choose the option that has a negative impact.<br><strong>WORD MEANING:<\/strong><br><strong><strong>Recognizable<\/strong>:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ familiar\u00a0because of having been\u00a0seen\u00a0or\u00a0experienced\u00a0before<br>[e.g. = Her birthmark is easily recognizable.]<br><strong><br>Fragile:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ easily<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>damaged<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>broken<strong>, or\u00a0<\/strong>harmed<br>[e.g. = He is fragile because of his sickness.]<br><strong><br>Common:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ normal, easily available, low-standard <br>[e.g. = It is a common dress of our village.]<br>~ the same in a lot of\u00a0places\u00a0or for a lot of\u00a0people<br>[e.g. = It is a common problem of human society.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Common<\/em>)<br>~ an\u00a0area\u00a0of\u00a0grassy land\u00a0that everyone is\u00a0allowed\u00a0to use, usually in or near a\u00a0village, town, or city<br>[e.g. = The Boston Common is the\u00a0oldest\u00a0park\u00a0in the US<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>Sophisticated<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ having a good\u00a0understanding\u00a0of the way\u00a0people\u00a0behave\u00a0and\/or a good\u00a0knowledge\u00a0of\u00a0culture\u00a0and\u00a0fashion<br>[e.g. = I don&#8217;t\u00a0think\u00a0I have any\u00a0books\u00a0that would\u00a0suit\u00a0your\u00a0sophisticated\u00a0tastes.]<br>~ intelligent\u00a0or made in a\u00a0complicated\u00a0way and\u00a0therefore\u00a0able\u00a0to do\u00a0complicated\u00a0tasks<br>[e.g. = I\u00a0think\u00a0a more sophisticated\u00a0approach\u00a0is\u00a0needed\u00a0to\u00a0solve\u00a0this\u00a0problem.]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>Many ancient sculptures of people\u2019s heads are missing their noses. This is because the nose is the most _________ part of a sculpture of a person\u2019s head. It is <strong>delicate<\/strong> and sticks out from the rest of the sculpture, making it especially <strong>easy to brea<\/strong>k.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>3rd Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>K.D. Leka and colleagues found that the Sun\u2019s corona provides an advance indication of solar flares\u2014intense eruptions of electromagnetic radiation that emanate from active regions in the Sun\u2019s photosphere and can interfere with telecommunications on Earth. Preceding a flare, the corona temporarily exhibits increased brightness above the region where the flare is ___________.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?<br>A) antecedent<br>B) impending<br>C) innocuous<br>D) perpetual<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of advance indications of solar flares. In this context the word \u201cimpending\u201d means imminent or approaching. The text mentions a study by Leka and colleagues that found that the Sun\u2019s corona provides an advance indication of solar flares. The text then points out why such an advance indication would be useful\u2014solar flares can interfere with communications on Earth\u2014and concludes by describing the characteristic of the corona that gives a warning of a solar flare. The text indicates that this characteristic\u2014increased brightness in a particular region of the corona\u2014comes before the appearance of the flare. Therefore, in context, the best answer would indicate that the flare is approaching, or impending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect. The best answer would be one that indicates that the increased brightness of the Sun\u2019s corona precedes the appearance of the flare. But if the flare were \u201cantecedent,\u201d or previous, then the flare would instead precede the appearance of the increased brightness of the corona, a statement that is logically inconsistent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect. The word \u201cinnocuous,\u201d or harmless, does not logically complete the text; since solar flares can interfere with communications on Earth, they cannot reasonably be described as innocuous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><br>Choice D is incorrect. If the solar flares have an advance indication of their appearance, then there must therefore be a time before the appearance of the flares when they do not exist. But the word \u201cperpetual,\u201d or never-ending, would in context indicate that the flare exists at the same time as the advance indication provided by the Sun\u2019s corona, which would not make logical sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Skim a sentence and focus on the keywords to choose the correct answer.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Antecedent:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ someone or something\u00a0existing\u00a0or\u00a0happening\u00a0before\/later,\u00a0especially\u00a0as the\u00a0cause\u00a0or\u00a0origin<br>[e.g. = Many\u00a0people\u00a0feel\u00a0a\u00a0great\u00a0curiosity\u00a0to\u00a0find\u00a0out about\u00a0their\u00a0antecedents like grandpa or grandma.]<br><em>Grammar<\/em><br>~ an antecedent is also a word or phrase that a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/pronoun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"pronoun\">pronoun<\/a>\u00a0refers to<br>[e.g. = In the\u00a0sentence, &#8220;Joe\u00a0threw\u00a0the\u00a0ball\u00a0to Wendy, and Wendy\u00a0threw\u00a0it back,&#8221; &#8220;the\u00a0ball&#8221; is the antecedent of &#8220;it.<em>&#8220;<\/em>]<br><strong><br>Impending:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ used to refer to an\u00a0event, usually something\u00a0unpleasant\u00a0or\u00a0unwanted, that is going to\u00a0happen\u00a0soon<br>[e.g. = The\u00a0star player\u00a0announced\u00a0his impending\u00a0retirement\u00a0from\u00a0international\u00a0football<em>.<\/em>]<br><strong><br>Innocuous:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ completely harmless<br>[e.g. = Some\u00a0mushrooms\u00a0look\u00a0innocuous but are in\u00a0fact\u00a0poisonous<em>.<\/em>]<br><strong><br>Perpetual<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ continuing<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>forever <strong>or\u00a0<\/strong>happening<strong>\u00a0all the\u00a0<\/strong>time (forever or repeating)<br>[e.g. = She\u00a0resented\u00a0his perpetual\u00a0complaining\u00a0about her\u00a0cooking<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>K.D. Leka and colleagues found that the Sun\u2019s corona provides an advance indication of solar flares\u2014<strong>intense eruptions of electromagnetic radiation<\/strong> that emanate from active regions in the Sun\u2019s photosphere and can <strong>interfere with telecommunications on Earth<\/strong>. <strong>Preceding a flare<\/strong>, the corona temporarily exhibits <strong>increased brightness above the regio<\/strong>n where the flare is ___________.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>4th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>To demonstrate that the integrity of underground metal pipes can be assessed without unearthing the pipes, engineer Aroba Saleem and colleagues ____________ the tendency of some metals\u2019 internal magnetic fields to alter under stress: the team showed that such alterations can be measured from a distance and can reveal concentrations of stress in the pipes.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?<br>A) hypothesized<br>B) discounted<br>C) redefined<br>D) exploited<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of using magnetism to detect stress in buried metal pipes. In this context, \u201cexploited\u201d means made productive use of. The text indicates that the magnetic fields of some metals change under stress and Saleem and colleagues showed that it is possible to measure those changes from a distance, thereby demonstrating that the integrity of underground metal pipes can be evaluated without having to unearth them. This context thus indicates that Saleem and colleagues made productive use of, or exploited, this tendency of the metals\u2019 magnetic fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because in this context, \u201chypothesized\u201d would mean making a tentative assumption to be evaluated in a study or experiment. Although Saleem and colleagues may have had one or more hypotheses for these experiments, the text presents the information about the tendency of some metals\u2019 magnetic fields to change under stress as a known fact that the researchers made productive use of, not as a hypothesis to be evaluated. The text after the colon indicates that the researchers were not evaluating whether such changes occur but whether those changes can be measured at a distance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because in this context, \u201cdiscounted\u201d would mean downplayed or ignored, but the text does not suggest that Saleem and colleagues minimized or ignored the tendency of the magnetic fields of some metals to change under stress. Rather, the text indicates that this tendency is the basis for Saleem and colleagues\u2019 method of assessing the pipes\u2019 integrity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because nothing in the text indicates that Saleem and colleagues \u201credefined,\u201d reevaluated, or reformulated, the tendency of some metals\u2019 magnetic fields to change under stress. Instead, the text indicates that the researchers made use of that tendency to demonstrate that it is possible to evaluate the integrity of underground pipes without unearthing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Skim a sentence before and after the underlined word sentence to choose the correct and quick answer.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Hypothesized:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em> or <em>Intransitive<\/em>)<br>~ to give a\u00a0possible\u00a0but not\u00a0yet\u00a0proven\u00a0explanation\u00a0for something<br>[e.g. = They hypothesized a different\u00a0path\u00a0of\u00a0evolution\u00a0for early man after the discovery.]<br><br><strong>Discounted:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ cheaper than usual<br>[e.g. = You can buy a discounted item.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0decide\u00a0that something or someone is not\u00a0worth\u00a0considering\u00a0or giving\u00a0attention<br>[e.g. = You shouldn&#8217;t discount the\u00a0possibility\u00a0of him coming back.]<br>~ to\u00a0reduce\u00a0the\u00a0price\u00a0of something<br>[e.g. = Can you discount it, please?]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ a\u00a0reduction\u00a0in the\u00a0usual\u00a0price<br>[e.g. = Kindly give me a discount!]<br><br><strong>Redefined:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0change\u00a0the\u00a0meaning\u00a0of something or to make\u00a0people\u00a0think\u00a0about something in a new or different way<br>[e.g. = We\u00a0want\u00a0to redefine the way\u00a0people\u00a0look\u00a0at\u00a0minorities<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>Exploited<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to use something in a way that\u00a0helps\u00a0you (unfair for others and gain for you)<br>[e.g. = A woodcutter exploited the jungle to earn as much money as possible<em>.<\/em>]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ something\u00a0unusual,\u00a0brave, interesting, or\u00a0funny\u00a0that someone has done<br>[e.g. = She was\u00a0telling\u00a0me about her exploits while\u00a0traveling\u00a0around\u00a0Africa<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>To demonstrate that the integrity of underground metal pipes can be <strong>assessed without unearthing the pipes<\/strong>, engineer Aroba Saleem and colleagues ____________ the tendency of some metals\u2019 <strong>internal magnetic fields to alter under stress<\/strong>: the team showed that such alterations can be measured from a distance and can reveal concentrations of stress in the pipes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>5th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>Despite the generalizations about human behavior they have produced, many studies of behavioral psychology have used highly unrepresentative subject pools: students at the colleges and universities where the researchers are employed. To ___________ this situation, it is necessary to actively recruit subjects from diverse backgrounds and locations.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?<br>A) sanction<br>B) ameliorate<br>C) rationalize<br>D) postulate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of behavioral psychology studies. In this context, \u201cameliorate\u201d means to help remedy or improve. The text states that many behavioral psychology studies are flawed because the subjects used are \u201chighly unrepresentative.\u201d It is then suggested that researchers should recruit subjects from \u201cdiverse backgrounds and locations\u201d to help address the issue of unrepresentative subject pools. Thus, this context conveys that recruitment efforts focused on diversity would help ameliorate the problems outlined in the text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect. In this context, \u201csanction\u201d could have two meanings: to give official approval for something or to enact a penalty, neither of which makes sense in this context. The text describes a situation known to be problematic in behavioral psychology studies and then presents a potential remedy to that situation; the text does not suggest that the situation is officially approved or results in any type of penalty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because rather than \u201crationalize,\u201d or explain or justify, a situation, the text presents a situation and its potential remedy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the text is not attempting to \u201cpostulate,\u201d or suggest a claim or theory, related to the situation described in the text but is rather presenting a potential remedy for the situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">&#8220;Actively recruit&#8221; clearly hints to use the option that denotes growth.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Sanction:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to formally\/officially punish someone or give permission for something<br>[e.g. = The\u00a0government\u00a0has sanctioned 20%\u00a0income\u00a0tax\u00a0relief.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> (Countable)<br>~ a\u00a0strong\u00a0action\u00a0taken in\u00a0order\u00a0to make\u00a0people\u00a0obey\u00a0a\u00a0law\u00a0or\u00a0rule, or a\u00a0punishment\u00a0given when they do not\u00a0obey<br>[e.g. = Many\u00a0nations\u00a0have\u00a0imposed\u00a0sanctions\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0country\u00a0because it attacked\u00a0its\u00a0own people.]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Uncountable<\/em>)<br>~ approval\u00a0or\u00a0permission,\u00a0especially\u00a0formal\u00a0or\u00a0legal<br>[e.g. = They\u00a0tried\u00a0to get\u00a0official\u00a0sanction\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0plans.]<br><br><strong>Ameliorate:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to make a\u00a0bad\u00a0or\u00a0unpleasant\u00a0situation\u00a0better<br>[e.g. = His motivating words are strongly needed to ameliorate soldiers&#8217; morale.]<br><br><strong>Rationalize:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em> or <em>Intransitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0create\u00a0a\u00a0reason,\u00a0explanation, or\u00a0excuse\u00a0for something<br>[e.g. = She rationalized the\u00a0cost\u00a0by saying that an\u00a0expensive\u00a0dress\u00a0would last\u00a0longer\u00a0than a\u00a0cheaper\u00a0one.]<br>~ to make a\u00a0company, way of\u00a0working, etc. more\u00a0effective, usually by\u00a0combining\u00a0or\u00a0stopping\u00a0particular\u00a0activities, or by\u00a0employing\u00a0fewer\u00a0people<br>[e.g. = We rationalized the\u00a0production\u00a0system\u00a0so that one\u00a0operator\u00a0could\u00a0control\u00a0all three\u00a0machines.]<br><br><strong>Postulate<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em> or <em>Intransitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0suggest\u00a0a\u00a0theory,\u00a0idea, etc. as a\u00a0basic\u00a0principle\u00a0from which a\u00a0further\u00a0idea\u00a0is\u00a0formed\u00a0or\u00a0developed<br>[e.g. = Astronomers postulate that the\u00a0comet\u00a0will\u00a0reappear\u00a0in 4000\u00a0years<em>.<\/em>]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> (Countable)<br>~ an\u00a0idea\u00a0that is\u00a0suggested\u00a0or\u00a0accepted\u00a0as a\u00a0basic\u00a0principle\u00a0before a\u00a0further\u00a0idea\u00a0is\u00a0formed\u00a0or\u00a0developed\u00a0from it<br>[e.g. = He\u00a0suggested\u00a0an\u00a0original\u00a0and\u00a0interesting\u00a0postulate.]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>Despite the generalizations about human behavior they have produced, many studies of behavioral psychology have used <strong>highly unrepresentative subject pools<\/strong>: students at the colleges and universities where the researchers are employed. To ___________ this situation, it is <strong>necessary to actively recruit subjects from diverse backgrounds and locations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>6th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>During a 2014 archaeological dig in Spain, Vicente Lull and his team uncovered the skeleton of a woman from El Algar, an Early Bronze Age society, buried with valuable objects signaling a high position of power. This finding may persuade researchers who have argued that Bronze Age societies were ruled by men to __________ that women may have also held leadership roles.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?<br>A) waive<br>B) concede<br>C) refute<br>D) require<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B <\/strong>is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of the significance of the 2014 archaeological finding at El Algar. In this context, \u201cconcede\u201d means to admit something is true after first resisting that admission. The text indicates that some researchers believe \u201cBronze Age societies were ruled by men.\u201d But the Bronze Age burial of a woman at El Algar included \u201cvaluable objects signaling a high position of power,\u201d which would raise the possibility that \u201cwomen may have also held leadership roles.\u201d Thus, the text is calling into question the notion that only men were leaders in these societies and speculating that people holding this view may reconsider their opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because \u201cwaive\u201d means to refrain from insisting that something, such as a right or a requirement, be observed; the word isn\u2019t used, however, in contexts where someone acknowledges that an opinion they hold may be invalid, as is the case in the text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect. According to the text, the finding from the El Algar burial site undermines the view that Bronze Age societies were exclusively ruled by men. However, \u201crefute\u201d means to demonstrate that something is false and would not make sense in context. Lull and team\u2019s finding supports the view that women may have also held leadership roles, not that they did not participate in such roles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because in this context, \u201crequire\u201d means to demand or specify as mandatory. However, it would not make sense for contemporary researchers to demand that Bronze Age \u201cwomen may have also held leadership roles.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Having a wide knowledge of vocabulary and quick reading skills is essential here.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Waive:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to not\u00a0demand\u00a0something you have a\u00a0right\u00a0to or no need\u00a0for a\u00a0rule\u00a0to be\u00a0obeyed<br>[e.g. = The\u00a0bank\u00a0waived the\u00a0charge because the\u00a0mistake\u00a0was\u00a0their\u00a0fault<em>.<\/em>]<br>~ to\u00a0remove\u00a0a\u00a0player\u00a0from a team&#8217;s\u00a0roster\u00a0(list\u00a0of\u00a0players)\u00a0and make that\u00a0player\u00a0available\u00a0to other\u00a0teams<br>[e.g. = In\u00a0order\u00a0to\u00a0activate\u00a0their\u00a0new\u00a0player, they\u00a0needed\u00a0to waive another from the\u00a0roster<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>Concede:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0admit, often\u00a0unwillingly,\u00a0that something\u00a0exists\u00a0or is\u00a0true<br>[e.g. = The\u00a0government\u00a0has conceded\u00a0(that)\u00a0the new\u00a0tax\u00a0policy\u00a0has been a\u00a0disaster<em>.<\/em>]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0allow\u00a0someone to have something,\u00a0even\u00a0if you do not\u00a0want\u00a0to<br>[e.g. = He is not\u00a0willing\u00a0to concede any of his\u00a0power\/authority<em>.<\/em>]<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em> or <em>Intransitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0admit\u00a0that you have\u00a0lost\u00a0in a\u00a0competition<br>[e.g. = He\u00a0kept\u00a0on\u00a0arguing\u00a0and wouldn&#8217;t concede\u00a0defeat.]<br><br><strong>Refute:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to\u00a0prove\u00a0a\u00a0statement,\u00a0opinion, or\u00a0belief\u00a0to be\u00a0wrong\u00a0or\u00a0false<br>[e.g. = Are you refuting the\u00a0evidence?]<br><br><strong>Require:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em>)<br>~ to need\/order something, or to make\/order something\u00a0necessary (officially)<br>[e.g. = We\u2019re required to\u00a0check\u00a0your\u00a0identification\u00a0before\u00a0letting\u00a0you in<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>During a 2014 archaeological dig in Spain, Vicente Lull and his team uncovered the <strong>skeleton of a woman<\/strong> from El Algar, an Early Bronze Age society, <strong>buried with valuable objects signaling a high position of power<\/strong>. This finding may persuade researchers who have argued that Bronze Age societies were ruled by men to __________ that women <strong>may have<\/strong> also held leadership roles.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>7th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>According to a US tax policy expert, state taxes are _________ other factors when considering an interstate move. Even significant differences in state taxation have almost no effect on most people\u2019s decisions, while differences in employment opportunities, housing availability, and climate are strong influences.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?<br>A) consistent with<br>B) representative of<br>C) overshadowed by<br>D) irrelevant to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice C<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of the factors that influence peoples\u2019 decisions to move to a different state. As used in this context, \u201covershadowed by\u201d means to be surpassed by or caused to seem less important than other factors affecting a move. The text indicates that, according to a US tax policy expert, when people think about an interstate move, state taxes have little effect on their decisions, while employment opportunities, housing availability, and climate have a very strong effect. This context suggests that people consider these other factors to be more important than state taxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the text indicates that state taxes aren\u2019t as important a consideration as other factors when people are thinking of moving to another state. The context doesn\u2019t suggest that state taxes are \u201cconsistent with,\u201d or in agreement with these other factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because it wouldn\u2019t make sense in context to say that state taxes are \u201crepresentative of,\u201d or typical of, other factors. Taxes aren\u2019t an example of employment opportunities, housing availability, and climate, which are the other factors listed in the text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because it wouldn\u2019t make sense in context to say that state taxes are \u201cirrelevant to,\u201d or unconnected or unimportant to other factors. State taxes are irrelevant to peoples\u2019 decisions, not to other factors. In other words, although the text suggests that state taxes may be irrelevant to people considering a move to another state, the other factors mentioned in the text, such as employment opportunities, are unable to have an opinion about state taxes. Furthermore, the text indicates that significant differences in state taxes have almost no effect on peoples\u2019 choices to move, but they aren\u2019t completely unimportant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Keep working on your skimming skills by practicing.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Consistent:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ always\u00a0behaving\u00a0or\u00a0happening\u00a0in a\u00a0similar,\u00a0especially\u00a0positive, way<br>[e.g. = He\u00a0sees\u00a0the\u00a0decline\u00a0in\u00a0behavior\u00a0in\u00a0sport\u00a0as\u00a0consistent\u00a0with\u00a0falling\u00a0standards\u00a0in\u00a0society\u00a0as a\u00a0whole.]<br>~ agreeing\u00a0with something said or done\u00a0previously<br>[e.g. = The witness\u2019s\u00a0story\u00a0is consistent with the\u00a0police\u00a0report<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>Representative:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em> \/ <em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ someone who\u00a0speaks\u00a0or does something\u00a0officially\u00a0for another\u00a0person\u00a0or\u00a0group\u00a0of\u00a0people<br>[e.g. = Are\u00a0your\u00a0views\/opinions\u00a0representative\u00a0of\u00a0all the\u00a0workers\u00a0here?]<br><br><strong>Overshadowed:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Verb\">Verb<\/a><\/em> (<em>Transitive<\/em> = Often Used as <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/passive-voice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Passive Voice<\/a>)<br>~ to\u00a0cause\u00a0someone or something to\u00a0seem\u00a0less\u00a0important\u00a0or less\u00a0happy<br>[e.g. = My\u00a0happiness\u00a0was overshadowed by the\u00a0bad\u00a0news<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>Irrelevant<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ not\u00a0related\u00a0to what is being\u00a0discussed\u00a0or\u00a0considered\u00a0and\u00a0therefore\u00a0not\u00a0important<br>[e.g. = These\u00a0documents\u00a0are\u00a0largely\u00a0irrelevant\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0present\u00a0investigation.]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>According to a US tax policy expert, state taxes are _________ other factors when considering an <strong>interstate<\/strong> move. Even significant <strong>differences in<\/strong> <strong>state taxation have almost no effect on most people\u2019s decisions<\/strong>, while <strong>differences in employment opportunities, housing availability, and climate are strong influences<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>8th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>The author\u2019s claim about the relationship between Neanderthals and <em>Homo sapiens<\/em> is ______________, as it fails to account for several recent archaeological discoveries. To be convincing, his argument would need to address recent finds of additional hominid fossils, such as the latest Denisovan specimens and <em>Homo longi<\/em>.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?<br>A) disorienting<br>B) tenuous<br>C) nuanced<br>D) unoriginal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of the author\u2019s claim about the relationship between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. As used in this context, \u201ctenuous\u201d means lacking substance or strength. The text states that the author\u2019s claim isn\u2019t convincing because it doesn\u2019t consider certain pieces of evidence\u2014relevant recent discoveries. The context conveys the idea that the author\u2019s claim is weak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the text doesn\u2019t suggest that the author\u2019s claim is \u201cdisorienting,\u201d or confusing; rather than indicating that the claim is hard to grasp, the text focuses on the idea that it has a weakness that makes it unconvincing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because describing the claim as \u201cnuanced,\u201d or subtle, wouldn\u2019t make sense in context. The text emphasizes that the claim is unconvincing because it didn\u2019t consider certain key archaeological finds; it doesn\u2019t suggest that what\u2019s in the claim seems subtle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the text faults the claim for not considering certain key archaeological finds; it doesn\u2019t suggest that the author\u2019s claim is \u201cunoriginal,\u201d or imitative and lacking originality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Having a wide knowledge of vocabulary and quick reading skills is essential here.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Disorienting:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ making someone\u00a0confused\u00a0about where they are, where they are going, or what is\u00a0happening<br>[e.g. = When you\u00a0arrive\u00a0in\u00a0daylight\u00a0and you\u00a0feel\u00a0like it&#8217;s\u00a0night, it can be disorienting.]<br><br><strong>Tenuous:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ a tenuous\u00a0connection,\u00a0idea, or\u00a0situation\u00a0is\u00a0weak\u00a0and\u00a0possibly\u00a0does not\u00a0exist<br>[e.g. = The\u00a0police\u00a0have only\u00a0found\u00a0a tenuous\u00a0connection\u00a0between the two\u00a0robberies<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>Nuanced:<br><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ a\u00a0quality\u00a0of something that is not\u00a0easy\u00a0to\u00a0notice\u00a0but may be\u00a0important<br>[e.g. = He gives a\u00a0beautifully\u00a0nuanced\u00a0performance\u00a0in a\u00a0tricky\u00a0role.]<br><br><strong>Unoriginal:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ the same as a lot of other things and\u00a0therefore\u00a0not\u00a0interesting\u00a0or\u00a0special<br>[e.g. = It was already written, your unoriginal idea is not accepted.]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>The author\u2019s claim about the relationship between Neanderthals and <em>Homo sapiens<\/em> is ______________, as it <strong>fails to account for several recent archaeological discoveries<\/strong>. To be <strong>convincing<\/strong>, <strong>his<\/strong> <strong>argument would need to address recent finds<\/strong> of additional hominid fossils, such as the latest Denisovan specimens and <em>Homo longi<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>9th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question:<\/strong> The following text is from Georgia Douglas Johnson\u2019s 1922 poem \u201cBenediction.\u201d<br>Go forth, my son,<br>Winged by my heart\u2019s desire!<br>Great reaches, yet unknown,<br>Await<br>For your possession.<br>I may not, if I would,<br>Retrace the way with you,<br>My pilgrimage is through,<br>But life is calling you!<br>Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?<br>A) To express hope that a child will have the same accomplishments as his parent did<br>B) To suggest that raising a child involves many struggles<br>C) To warn a child that he will face many challenges throughout his life<br>D) To encourage a child to embrace the experiences life will offer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong> is the best answer because it accurately states the text\u2019s main purpose. The poem begins with the speaker urging a child to \u201cgo forth\u201d with her encouragement (\u201cmy heart\u2019s desire\u201d). The speaker goes on to suggest that new experiences (\u201cGreat reaches, yet unknown\u201d) lie ahead for the son that \u201clife is calling\u201d him to seek out. Thus, the main purpose is to encourage a child to embrace the experiences available to him in his life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the speaker encourages the child to pursue new experiences (\u201cGreat reaches\u201d) without knowing exactly what those experiences will be (\u201cyet unknown\u201d) or suggesting that they should match the speaker\u2019s own accomplishments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because the speaker focuses on positive possibilities for her son (\u201cGreat reaches, yet unknown\u201d) and her enthusiastic encouragement to embrace those possibilities (\u201clife is calling you!\u201d), while there is no mention of raising a child or associated struggles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the speaker frames the possibilities for her son in a positive light when she says that \u201cgreat reaches, yet unknown\u201d are waiting for him, and this positive outlook for the son is consistent throughout the text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">You require a good understanding of English Literature for this. A time-consuming question, so in a real exam, focus on the ranking of it. The higher the rank, the more marks you will get out of it. If you are running against time and it is a lower-rank question, then guess the answer.<br><br>KEYWORDS TO FOCUS!<br><strong>Go forth<\/strong>, my son,<br>Winged by my heart\u2019s desire!<br><strong>Great reaches, yet unknown,<\/strong><br>Await<br>For your possession.<br>I may not, if I would,<br>Retrace the way with you,<br>My pilgrimage is through,<br>But <strong>life is calling you<\/strong>!<br>Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?<br>A) To express hope that a child will have the <s>same accomplishments as his parent did<\/s><br>B) To suggest that <s>raising a child<\/s> involves many struggles<br>C) To <s>warn a child<\/s> that he will face many challenges throughout his life (<em>Go forth<\/em>)<br>D) To encourage a child to embrace the experiences life will offer<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>10th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>The following text is adapted from Indian Boyhood, a 1902 memoir by Ohiyesa (Charles A. Eastman), a Santee Dakota writer. In the text, Ohiyesa recalls how the women in his tribe harvested maple syrup during his childhood.<br>Now the women began to test the trees\u2014moving leisurely among them, axe in hand, and striking a single quick blow, to see if the sap would appear. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The trees, like people, have their individual characters; some were ready to yield up their life-blood, while others were more reluctant.<\/span> Now one of the birchen basins was set under each tree, and a hardwood chip driven deep into the cut which the axe had made. From the corners of this chip\u2014at first drop by drop, then more freely\u2014the sap trickled into the little dishes.<br>Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?<br>A) It portrays the range of personality traits displayed by the women as they work.<br>B) It foregrounds the beneficial relationship between humans and maple trees.<br>C) It demonstrates how human behavior can be influenced by the natural environment.<br>D) It elaborates on an aspect of the maple trees that the women evaluate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong> is the best answer because it best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text\u2019s overall portrayal of how the women in Ohiyesa\u2019s tribe harvested maple syrup. The text states that the women used an axe to strike the maple trees in order to find out which ones would produce sap. The underlined sentence compares the trees to people, with the sap described as the trees\u2019 \u201clife-blood.\u201d Some of the trees are ready to give out their sap, while others are unwilling to do so. Using personification, the sentence provides greater detail about the aspect of the maple trees\u2014their potential to give sap\u2014that the women are evaluating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the personalities of the women are not discussed in the text. Although the underlined sentence does mention \u201cindividual characters,\u201d this reference is not to the women in the text but rather to the maple trees, which the sentence compares to people with individual character traits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because the underlined sentence focuses on the trees\u2019 willingness or refusal to yield sap, not on the beneficial relationship between the women and the trees. Additionally, although the text does suggest that the women and their tribe benefit from the maple trees since the trees allow the women to harvest syrup, there is nothing in the text to suggest that the trees benefit from this relationship in turn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the underlined sentence is comparing maple trees to humans, not addressing the influence of the natural environment on how the actual humans in the text, the women, behave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Only reading the underlined sentence might lead you to the wrong conclusion, so it is better to read one prior and one later sentence as well.<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<br><\/strong>The following text is adapted from Indian Boyhood, a 1902 memoir by Ohiyesa (Charles A. Eastman), a Santee Dakota writer. In the text, Ohiyesa recalls how the women in his <strong>tribe harvested maple syrup<\/strong> during his childhood.<br>Now the women began to <strong>test the trees<\/strong>\u2014moving leisurely among them, axe in hand, and striking a single quick blow, to see if the <strong>sap<\/strong> would appear. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The trees<strong>, like people,<\/strong> have their individual characters; some were ready to yield up their life-blood, while others were more reluctant.<\/span> Now one of the birchen basins was set under each tree, and a hardwood chip driven deep into the cut which the axe had made. From the corners of this chip\u2014at first drop by drop, then more freely\u2014the <strong>sap<\/strong> trickled into the <strong>little dishes<\/strong>.<br>Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?<br>A) It portrays the <s>range of<\/s> personality traits displayed by the women as they work.<br>B) It foregrounds the <s>beneficial relationship<\/s> between humans and maple trees.<br>C) It demonstrates how <s>human behavior<\/s> can be <s>influenced by the natural environment.<\/s><br>D) It elaborates on an aspect of the maple trees that the women evaluate.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>11th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>When digging for clams, their primary food, sea otters damage the roots of eelgrass plants growing on the seafloor. Near Vancouver Island in Canada, the otter population is large and well established, yet the eelgrass meadows are healthier than those found elsewhere off Canada\u2019s coast. To explain this, conservation scientist Erin Foster and colleagues compared the Vancouver Island meadows to meadows where otters are absent or were reintroduced only recently. Finding that the Vancouver Island meadows have a more diverse gene pool than the others do, Foster hypothesized that damage to eelgrass roots increases the plant\u2019s rate of sexual reproduction; this, in turn, boosts genetic diversity, which benefits the meadow\u2019s health overall.<br>Which finding, if true, would most directly undermine Foster\u2019s hypothesis?<br>A) At some sites in the study, eelgrass meadows are found near otter populations that are small and have only recently been reintroduced.<br>B) At several sites not included in the study, there are large, well-established sea otter populations but no eelgrass meadows.<br>C) At several sites not included in the study, eelgrass meadows\u2019 health correlates negatively with the length of residence and size of otter populations.<br>D) At some sites in the study, the health of plants unrelated to eelgrass correlates negatively with the length of residence and size of otter populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice C<\/strong> is the best answer because it presents a finding that, if true, would weaken Foster\u2019s hypothesis that damage to eelgrass roots improves the health of eelgrass meadows by boosting genetic diversity. The text indicates that sea otters damage eelgrass roots but that eelgrass meadows near Vancouver Island, where there\u2019s a large otter population, are comparatively healthy. When Foster and her colleagues compared the Vancouver Island eelgrass meadows to those that don\u2019t have established otter populations, the researchers found that the Vancouver Island meadows are more genetically diverse than the other meadows are. This finding led Foster to hypothesize that damage to the eelgrass roots encourages eelgrass reproduction, thereby improving genetic diversity and the health of the meadows. If, however, other meadows not included in the study are less healthy the larger the local otter population is and the longer the otters have been in residence, that would suggest that damage to the eelgrass roots, which would be expected to increase with the size and residential duration of the otter population, isn\u2019t leading meadows to be healthier. Such a finding would therefore weaken Foster\u2019s hypothesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because finding that small, recently introduced otter populations are near other eelgrass meadows in the study wouldn\u2019t weaken Foster\u2019s hypothesis. If otter populations were small and only recently established, they wouldn\u2019t be expected to have caused much damage to eelgrass roots, so even if those eelgrass meadows were less healthy than the Vancouver Island meadows, that wouldn\u2019t undermine Foster\u2019s hypothesis. In fact, it would be consistent with Foster\u2019s hypothesis since it would suggest that the greater damage caused by larger, more established otter populations is associated with healthier meadows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because the existence of areas with otters but without eelgrass meadows wouldn\u2019t reveal anything about whether the damage that otters cause to eelgrass roots ultimately benefits eelgrass meadows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the health of plants other than eelgrass would have no bearing on Foster\u2019s hypothesis that damage to eelgrass roots leads to greater genetic diversity and meadow health. It would be possible for otters to have a negative effect on other plants while nevertheless improving the health of eelgrass meadows by damaging eelgrass roots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Look for the word &#8216;finding&#8217; or something related to it.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Meadow<\/strong>:<br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em>)<br>~ a\u00a0field\u00a0with\u00a0grass\u00a0and often\u00a0wildflowers\u00a0in it<br>[e.g. = There was a\u00a0path\u00a0through the meadow to the\u00a0village<em>.<\/em>]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<br><\/strong>When digging for clams, their primary food, <strong>sea otters damage the roots of eelgrass<\/strong> plants growing on the seafloor. Near Vancouver Island in Canada, the <strong>otter population is large<\/strong> and well established, <strong>yet the eelgrass meadows are healthier<\/strong> than those found elsewhere off Canada\u2019s coast. To explain this, conservation scientist Erin Foster and colleagues compared the Vancouver Island meadows to meadows where <strong>otters are absent <\/strong>or were <strong>reintroduced only recently<\/strong>. Finding that the Vancouver Island meadows have a more diverse gene pool than the others do, Foster hypothesized that <strong>damage to eelgrass roots increases<\/strong> the plant\u2019s rate of sexual reproduction; this, in turn, <strong>boosts genetic diversity<\/strong>, which <strong>benefits the meadow\u2019s health overall<\/strong>.<br>Which finding, if true, would most directly <strong><em>undermine Foster\u2019s hypothesis<\/em><\/strong>?<br>A) At some sites in the study, eelgrass meadows are found near <s>otter populations that are small<\/s> and have only recently been reintroduced.<br>B) At several sites not included in the study, there are large, well-established sea otter populations but <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">no eelgrass meadows.<\/mark><br>C) At several sites not included in the study, eelgrass meadows\u2019 health correlates negatively with the length of residence and size of otter populations.<br>D) At some sites in the study, the health of plants <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">unrelated to eelgrass<\/mark> correlates negatively with the length of residence and size of otter populations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>12th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>Scholars have noted that F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s writings were likely influenced in part by his marriage to Zelda Fitzgerald, but many don\u2019t recognize Zelda as a writer in her own right. Indeed, Zelda authored several works herself, such as the novel <em>Save Me the Waltz<\/em> and numerous short stories. Thus, those who primarily view Zelda as an inspiration for F. Scott\u2019s writings __________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) overlook the many other factors that motivated F. Scott to write.<br>B) risk misrepresenting the full range of Zelda\u2019s contributions to literature.<br>C) may draw inaccurate conclusions about how F. Scott and Zelda viewed each other\u2019s works.<br>D) tend to read the works of F. Scott and Zelda in an overly autobiographical light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of Zelda Fitzgerald\u2019s contributions to literature. The text begins by saying that many scholars view Zelda mainly in terms of her marriage to F. Scott Fitzgerald and \u201cdon\u2019t recognize Zelda as a writer in her own right.\u201d The text then mentions a novel and \u201cnumerous short stories\u201d that she wrote and that such scholars tend to ignore. Therefore, those scholars who focus on Zelda only as an inspiration for F. Scott\u2019s writings risk misrepresenting the full range of Zelda\u2019s contributions to literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect. Although the text does mention that Zelda Fitzgerald \u201clikely influenced\u201d her husband\u2019s literary work, its focus is on Zelda\u2019s own writing, not on her husband\u2019s writing or factors that might have influenced it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the text does not discuss F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald\u2019s opinions of each other\u2019s works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect. Although the text does suggest that F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s works were \u201clikely influenced in part\u201d by his marriage to Zelda, it does not discuss autobiographical interpretations of the works of either F. Scott or Zelda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Work on your skimming and understanding skills by practicing more.<br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>Scholars have noted that F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s writings were likely<strong> influenced in part by his marriage<\/strong> to Zelda Fitzgerald, but <strong>many don\u2019t recognize Zelda as a writer in her own<\/strong> right. Indeed, Zelda authored several works herself, such as the novel <em>Save Me the Waltz<\/em> and numerous short stories. Thus, <strong>those who primarily<\/strong> view Zelda as an inspiration for F. Scott\u2019s writings __________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) overlook the many other factors that motivated F. Scott to write. <em>(Those who primarily view Zelda&#8230;)<\/em><br>B) risk misrepresenting the full range of Zelda\u2019s contributions to literature.<br>C) may draw inaccurate conclusions about how F. Scott and Zelda <s>viewed each other\u2019s works<\/s>.<br>D) tend to read the works of F. Scott and Zelda in an <s>overly autobiographical light<\/s>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>13th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>Among social animals that care for their young, such as chickens, macaque monkeys, and humans, newborns appear to show an innate attraction to faces and face-like stimuli. Elisabetta Versace and her colleagues used an image of three black dots arranged in the shape of eyes and a nose or mouth to test whether this trait also occurs in <em>Testudo<\/em> tortoises, which live alone and do not engage in parental care. They found that tortoise hatchlings showed a significant preference for the image, suggesting that __________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) face-like stimuli are likely perceived as harmless by newborns of social species that practice parental care but as threatening by newborns of solitary species without parental care.<br>B) researchers should not assume that an innate attraction to face-like stimuli is necessarily an adaptation related to social interaction or parental care.<br>C) researchers can assume that the attraction to face-like stimuli that is seen in social species that practice parental care is learned rather than innate.<br>D) newly hatched Testudo tortoises show a stronger preference for face-like stimuli than adult Testudo tortoises do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer because it presents the conclusion that most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion of the study by Versace and colleagues. The text indicates that newborn animals of some species are attracted to faces and to stimuli that resemble faces. These species, the text says, share two characteristics: they\u2019re social and they practice parental care, meaning that parents care for their young. The text goes on to describe Versace and colleagues\u2019 experiment, which showed that although Testudo tortoises aren\u2019t social and don\u2019t practice parental care, tortoise hatchlings were attracted to a stimulus that resembles a face. Since Versace and colleagues have shown that a species that isn\u2019t social and doesn\u2019t practice parental care nevertheless has the innate characteristic of being attracted to face-like stimuli, it follows that this characteristic shouldn\u2019t be assumed to be an adaptation related to social interaction or parental care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the text indicates that the tortoise hatchlings were attracted to the face-like stimuli (even though their species is solitary and doesn\u2019t practice parental care), not that they perceived the stimuli as threatening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the phenomenon discussed in the text is an attraction to faces and face-like stimuli on the part of newborn animals, which can\u2019t show any learned characteristics since they were just born. Additionally, the text tells us that the tortoises Versace and colleagues studied aren\u2019t social and don\u2019t practice parental care, so any findings about those tortoises wouldn\u2019t be relevant to the question of whether an attraction to faces in social species that practice parental care is innate or learned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the text gives no indication that adult tortoises were presented with face-like stimuli and, if adults were in fact tested, no information about how they responded is provided. Since no information about adult tortoises\u2019 responses is provided, no conclusion comparing those responses to the responses of newly hatched tortoises can be supported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Work on your skimming and understanding skills by practicing more.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>Innate:<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/adjective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Adjective<\/a><\/em><br>~ innate\u00a0quality\u00a0or\u00a0ability\u00a0is one that you were\u00a0born\u00a0with, not one you have\u00a0learned<br>[e.g. = Her\u00a0dance\u00a0expresses\u00a0the innate\u00a0beauty\u00a0of the\u00a0human\u00a0spirit.]<br><br><strong>Stimulus (Stimuli: Plural of Stimulus):<\/strong><br><em><a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Noun<\/a><\/em> <em>(Countable<\/em> or <em>Uncountable<\/em>)<br>~ something that\u00a0encourages cause,\u00a0growth,\u00a0activity, or\u00a0reaction<br>[e.g. = Scientists are\u00a0studying\u00a0the cell\u2019s\u00a0response\u00a0to stimuli.]<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>Among <strong>social animals that care for their young<\/strong>, such as chickens, macaque monkeys, and humans, <strong>newborns appear to show an innate attraction to faces and face-like stimuli.<\/strong> Elisabetta Versace and her colleagues used an image of three black dots arranged in the shape of eyes and a nose or mouth to test whether this trait also occurs in <strong><em>Testudo<\/em> tortoises<\/strong>, which live alone and do <strong>not engage in parental care<\/strong>. They found that <strong>tortoise hatchlings showed a significant preference for the image<\/strong>, suggesting that __________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) face-like stimuli are likely perceived as harmless by newborns of social species that practice parental care <s>but as threatening by newborns of solitary species without parental care<\/s>.<br>B) researchers should not assume that an innate attraction to face-like stimuli is necessarily an adaptation related to social interaction or parental care.<br>C) researchers can assume that the attraction to face-like stimuli that is seen in social species that <s>practice parental care is learned rather than innate<\/s>.<br>D) newly hatched Testudo tortoises show a stronger preference for face-like stimuli <s>than adult Testudo tortoises do.<\/s><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>14th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>Compiled in the late 1500s largely through the efforts of Indigenous scribes, <em>Cantares Mexicanos<\/em> is the most important collection of poetry in Classical Nahuatl, the principal language of the Aztec Empire. The poems portray Aztec society before the occupation of the empire by the army of Spain, and marginal notes in <em>Cantares Mexicanos<\/em> indicate that much of the collection\u2019s content predates the initial invasion. Nonetheless, some of the poems contain inarguable references to beliefs and customs common in Spain during this era. Thus, some scholars have concluded that _____________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) while its content largely predates the invasion, Cantares Mexicanos also contains additions made after the invasion.<br>B) although those who compiled Cantares Mexicanos were fluent in Nahuatl, they had limited knowledge of the Spanish language.<br>C) before the invasion by Spain, the poets of the Aztec Empire borrowed from the literary traditions of other societies.<br>D) the references to beliefs and customs in Spain should be attributed to a coincidental resemblance between the societies of Spain and the Aztec Empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice A<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text. The text explains that the Cantares Mexicanos contains poems about the Aztec Empire from before the Spanish invasion. Furthermore, it indicates that notes in the collection attest that some of these poems predate the Spanish invasion, while some customs depicted are likely Spanish in origin. The implication is that some poems were composed before the invasion but the references to Spanish customs could have come about only after the invasion, and thus that the collection includes content that predates the invasion and also content from after the invasion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because the text clearly indicates that the collection is in Nahuatl, not Spanish, so the compilers\u2019 unfamiliarity with Spanish is irrelevant to whether the collection contains material composed after the Spanish invasion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Here, choice C is incorrect because the text mentions only the Aztec Empire and Spain: there is no information about the relationship of Aztec literature to any traditions other than its own or Spain\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the text states that some of the poems make \u201cinarguable references\u201d to common Spanish customs, which conflicts with the idea that these references can reasonably be attributed to mere coincidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Work on your skimming skills by practicing more.<br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<br><\/strong>Compiled in the late 1500s largely through the efforts of Indigenous scribes, <em>Cantares Mexicanos<\/em> is the most important <strong>collection of poetry in Classical Nahuatl<\/strong>, the <strong>principal language of the Aztec Empire<\/strong>. The <strong>poems portray Aztec society before<\/strong> the occupation of the empire by the <strong>army of Spain<\/strong>, and marginal notes in <em>Cantares Mexicanos<\/em> <strong>indicate that much of the collection\u2019s content predates the initial invasion<\/strong>. Nonetheless, some of the <strong>poems contain inarguable references to beliefs and customs common in Spain<\/strong> during this era. Thus, some scholars have concluded that _____________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) while its content largely predates the invasion, Cantares Mexicanos also contains additions made after the invasion.<br>B) although those who compiled Cantares Mexicanos were fluent in Nahuatl, <s>they had limited knowledge of the Spanish language.<\/s><br>C) before the invasion by Spain, the poets of the <s>Aztec Empire borrowed<\/s> from the literary traditions of other societies.<br>D) the references to beliefs and customs in Spain should be attributed to a <s>coincidental resemblance<\/s> between the societies of Spain and the Aztec Empire.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>15th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>In a study of the cognitive abilities of white-faced capuchin monkeys (<em>Cebus imitator<\/em>), researchers neglected to control for the physical difficulty of the tasks they used to evaluate the monkeys. The cognitive abilities of monkeys given problems requiring little dexterity, such as sliding a panel to retrieve food, were judged by the same criteria as were those of monkeys given physically demanding problems, such as unscrewing a bottle and inserting a straw. The results of the study, therefore, _____________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) could suggest that there are differences in cognitive ability among the monkeys even though such differences may not actually exist.<br>B) are useful for identifying tasks that the monkeys lack the cognitive capacity to perform but not for identifying tasks that the monkeys can perform.<br>C) should not be taken as indicative of the cognitive abilities of any monkey species other than C. imitator.<br>D) reveal more about the monkeys\u2019 cognitive abilities when solving artificial problems than when solving problems encountered in the wild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice A<\/strong> is the best answer because it presents the conclusion that most logically follows from the text\u2019s discussion of the study of capuchin monkeys\u2019 cognitive abilities. The text explains that the study failed to distinguish between outcomes for the tasks performed by the capuchin monkeys, such that simpler tasks requiring less dexterity, or skill, were judged by the same criteria as tasks that demanded more dexterity. Because the study didn\u2019t account for this discrepancy, the researchers might have assumed that observed differences in performance were due to the abilities of the monkeys rather than the complexity of the tasks. In other words, the results may suggest cognitive differences among the monkeys even though such differences may not really exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because the text focuses on the fact that the tasks assigned to the capuchin monkeys in the study varied in difficulty and that the variety wasn\u2019t taken into consideration. The text doesn\u2019t suggest that the capuchin monkeys couldn\u2019t perform certain tasks, just that some tasks were more difficult to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the text doesn\u2019t suggest that the study\u2019s results are indicative of the abilities of capuchin monkeys but not of other monkey species; in fact, the text suggests that the results may not even be an accurate reflection of capuchin monkeys\u2019 abilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the text doesn\u2019t indicate that the researchers compared results for artificial tasks with those for tasks encountered in the wild, although the tasks described in the text\u2014sliding a panel and putting a straw in a bottle\u2014are presumably artificial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Work on your skimming skills by practicing more.<br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<br><\/strong>In a study of the cognitive abilities of white-faced capuchin monkeys (<em>Cebus imitator<\/em>), researchers neglected to control for the physical difficulty of the tasks they used to evaluate the monkeys. The cognitive abilities of monkeys given problems requiring little dexterity, such as sliding a panel to retrieve food, were judged by the same criteria as were those of monkeys given physically demanding problems, such as unscrewing a bottle and inserting a straw. The results of the study, therefore, _____________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) could suggest that there are differences in cognitive ability among the monkeys even though such differences may not actually exist.<br>B) are useful for <s>identifying tasks<\/s> that the monkeys <s>lack the cognitive capacity<\/s> to perform but not for identifying tasks that the monkeys can perform.<br>C) <s>should not be taken as indicative of the cognitive abilities of any monkey species other than C. imitator.<\/s><br>D) <s>reveal more about the monkeys\u2019 cognitive abilities when solving artificial problems than when solving problems encountered in the wild.<\/s><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>16th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"306\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/sat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-6.png\" alt=\"Prepare for the SATs and take free tests and learn from solutions\" class=\"wp-image-6557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/10\/image-6.png 306w, https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/10\/image-6-279x300.png 279w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>The population of the coral <em>Lophelia pertusa<\/em> declined significantly around 9,000 years ago in the Alboran Sea and around 11,000 years ago near the Mauritanian coast. Using the ratio of manganese to calcium, which inversely correlates with ocean oxygenation levels, marine scientist Rodrigo da Costa Portilho-Ramos and colleagues evaluated whether oxygenation played a role in the declines of <em>L. pertusa<\/em>. The researchers concluded that oxygenation may have been important in the Alboran Sea but not near the Mauritanian coast, since ____________.<br>Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?<br>A) a substantial increase in oxygenation in the Alboran Sea corresponded with the local decline in <em>L. pertusa<\/em>, but the opposite relationship between oxygenation and <em>L. pertusa<\/em> was found near the Mauritanian coast.<br>B) <em>L. pertusa<\/em> declined in the Alboran Sea during a period of substantial local decline in oxygenation, but <em>L. pertusa<\/em> declined near the Mauritanian coast during a period of little local change in oxygenation.<br>C) oxygenation in the Alboran Sea was higher before the decline in <em>L. pertusa<\/em> than after the decline, whereas oxygenation near the Mauritanian coast was relatively low both before and after the decline in <em>L. pertusa<\/em>.<br>D) oxygenation in the Alboran Sea tended to be substantially higher than oxygenation near the Mauritanian coast during the period studied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer because it effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement about Rodrigo da Costa Portilho-Ramos and colleagues\u2019 conclusion. The graph shows the ratio of manganese to calcium in L. pertusa coral samples from the Alboran Sea and the Mauritanian coast. The graph reflects time in approximate years before present: in other words, the greater the number in<br>years noted on the graph\u2019s horizontal axis, the farther that moment is in the past. The text indicates that the researchers tested the samples to determine whether oxygenation played a role in the decline of L. pertusa. The text goes on to note that a change in the ratio of manganese to calcium would signal an inverse, or opposite, change in oxygenation. According to the graph, the ratio of manganese to calcium in samples from the Alboran Sea increased from about 30 micromoles per mole 10,000 years ago to about 80 micromoles per mole 8,000 years ago, which means that oxygenation decreased between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago. Meanwhile, there was almost no discernible change in the ratio of manganese to calcium in samples from the Mauritanian coast between 12,000 and 10,000 years<br>ago. According to the text, the population of L. pertusa declined significantly around 9,000 years ago in the Alboran Sea and around 11,000 years ago near the Mauritanian coast. Thus, the increase in the ratio of manganese to calcium around 9,000 years ago in the Alboran Sea coincides with the decline in the L. pertusa population, suggesting an association between the decrease in oxygenation and the decline in population of the coral. No such relationship is suggested around 11,000 years ago near the Mauritanian coast. So, oxygenation likely played a role in the L. pertusa decline in the Alboran Sea but not in the coral\u2019s decline near the Mauritanian coast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because it asserts the opposite of what the graph indicates regarding oxygenation in the Alboran Sea, and it misrepresents what the graph indicates about oxygenation near the Mauritanian coast. The graph indicates that at the time of the decline in L. pertusa (approximately 9,000 years ago), the samples from the Alboran Sea contained a ratio of manganese to calcium that was increasing. According to the text, this ratio inversely correlates with ocean oxygenation levels, so if the ratio was increasing, oxygenation was decreasing, not substantially increasing. Furthermore, the graph shows that the ratio of manganese to calcium remained relatively stable in coral samples from the Mauritanian coast during the period studied, which suggests that there was no discernible relationship between oxygenation and the coral\u2019s population decline in that location, not that there was a substantial decrease in oxygenation corresponding to the coral\u2019s decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect. Although the graph suggests that the level of oxygenation in the Alboran Sea was higher before the decline in L. pertusa than after\u2014because the ratio of manganese to calcium inversely correlates with ocean oxygenation levels and this ratio was lower before the decline than after\u2014the graph doesn\u2019t support the claim that oxygenation near the Mauritanian coast was consistently low before and after the coral\u2019s decline there. Rather, the graph indicates that relative to coral samples from the Alboran Sea, the ratio of manganese to calcium in samples from near the Mauritanian coast was consistently low, which suggests that oxygenation levels were relatively high both before and after the decline of L. pertusa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because it states the opposite of what the graph indicates: the graph shows that throughout the period studied, the ratio of manganese to calcium was higher in coral samples from the Alboran Sea than it was in samples from near the Mauritanian coast. Since the text indicates that the ratio of manganese to calcium inversely correlates with ocean oxygenation levels, oxygenation in the Alboran Sea was therefore lower than, not higher than, oxygenation near the Mauritanian coast during the period studied. Moreover, even if choice D did accurately represent the graph, it wouldn\u2019t effectively complete the statement since a comparison of the ocean oxygenation levels at the two locations is not relevant to the claim that a decline in oxygenation levels was associated with the decline of L. pertusa in the Alboran Sea but not near the Mauritanian coast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Develop fast analytical skills by practicing more. Here the key is to be able to understand the chart quickly.<br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>1) The ratio of Manganese to Calcium between the two seas in which the Alboran Sea is always higher and shows more decline in oxygenation compared to the Mauritanian Sea (inversely correlated with Oxygenation).<br>2) The time slab on the Horizontal line is from 0 to 20 where 0 is the Current time and 20 is thousand years ago. So, we compare the growth based on the present.<br>3) 9000 years ago: 10,000 years is older than 9000 which means the Manganese to Calcium is increased based on old time to new. (Increased from 30 to 50 approx)<br>4) 11,000 years ago: Based on 12,000 to 11,000 years ago the growth was almost the same in the Mauritanian Sea.<br>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<strong><br><\/strong>The population of the <strong>coral<\/strong> <em>Lophelia pertusa<\/em> <strong>declined<\/strong> significantly around <strong>9,000 years ago in the Alboran Sea<\/strong> and around <strong>11,000 years ago near the Mauritanian coast<\/strong>. Using the <strong>ratio of manganese to calcium<\/strong>, which <strong>inversely correlates with ocean oxygenation levels<\/strong>, marine scientist Rodrigo da Costa Portilho-Ramos and colleagues evaluated whether oxygenation played a role in the declines of <em>L. pertusa<\/em>. The researchers concluded that <strong>oxygenation may have been important in the Alboran Sea but not near the Mauritanian coast<\/strong>, since ____________.<br>Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?<br>A) a substantial <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">increase in oxygenation in the Alboran Sea<\/mark> corresponded with the local decline in <em>L. pertusa<\/em>, but the <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">opposite relationship between oxygenation and <em>L. pertusa<\/em><\/mark> was found near the Mauritanian coast.<br>B) <em>L. pertusa<\/em> declined in the Alboran Sea during a period of substantial local decline in oxygenation, but <em>L. pertusa<\/em> declined near the Mauritanian coast during a period of little local change in oxygenation.<br>C) oxygenation in the Alboran Sea was higher before the decline in <em>L. pertusa<\/em> than after the decline, whereas oxygenation near the Mauritanian coast was relatively <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">low both before and after the decline in <em>L. pertusa<\/em><\/mark>. [Before 9000, means 10,000, oxygenation was higher than after 9,000, means 8,000, oxygenation was less. (True) whereas&#8230;]<br>D) <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">oxygenation in the Alboran Sea tended to be substantially higher than oxygenation near the Mauritanian coast during the period studied.<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>17th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>Some ethicists hold that the moral goodness of an individual\u2019s actions depends solely on whether the actions themselves are good, irrespective of the context in which they are carried out. Philosopher L. Sebastian Purcell has shown that surviving works of Aztec (Nahua) philosophy express a very different view. Purcell reveals that these works posit an ethical system in which an individual\u2019s actions are judged in light of how well they accord with the individual\u2019s role in society and how well they contribute to the community. To the extent that these works are representative of Aztec thought, Purcell\u2019s analysis suggests that ___________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) the Aztecs would have disputed the idea that the morality of an individual\u2019s actions can be assessed by appealing to standards of behavior that are independent of the individual\u2019s social circumstances.<br>B) the Aztecs would not have accepted the notion that the morality of an individual\u2019s actions can be fairly evaluated by people who do not live in the same society as that individual.<br>C) actions by members of Aztec society who contributed a great deal to their community could be judged as morally good even if those actions were inconsistent with behaviors the Aztecs regarded as good in all contexts.<br>D) similar actions performed by people in different social roles in Aztec society would have been regarded as morally equivalent unless those actions led to different outcomes for the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice A<\/strong> is the best answer because it most logically completes the text\u2019s discussion about Aztec (Nahua) ethics. The text indicates that, according to Purcell\u2019s interpretation of available Aztec philosophical works, the Aztec ethical system views an individual\u2019s actions in relation to that individual\u2019s societal role and how the actions affect the community. The text contrasts this view with another held by some ethicists, namely that actions are morally good or bad regardless of the context in which they occur. Thus, Purcell\u2019s analysis suggests that the Aztecs would have asserted that the morality of an individual\u2019s actions are rooted in that person\u2019s position in the community and the actions\u2019 effects and therefore cannot be determined in the absence of that context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect. Although the text indicates that morally judging an action according to Aztec ethics requires an understanding of the action\u2019s effects and the individual\u2019s social circumstances, it does not specify that only members of that society can acquire this information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because it implies that the Aztecs considered some actions good or bad regardless of the surrounding context, which contradicts the text\u2019s claim that the Aztecs believed that the morality of an individual\u2019s action is dependent on the action\u2019s effects on the community and the person\u2019s specific circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect. Although the text indicates that in Aztec ethics the morality of an action depends in part on how it affects the community, this is only one of the two factors\u2014the other being the person\u2019s societal role\u2014that need to be considered. Therefore, it is possible that two actions with the same effect on the community could be considered morally distinct if they are performed by individuals in different social roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">You must read and understand the whole paragraph, cause you need to choose an option that gives a conclusion.<br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<br>Some ethicists<\/strong> hold that the <strong>moral goodness<\/strong> of an individual\u2019s actions depends solely on whether the <strong>actions themselves are good<\/strong>, <strong>irrespective of the context in which they are carried out<\/strong>. Philosopher L. Sebastian Purcell has shown that surviving works of Aztec (Nahua) philosophy express a very different view. Purcell reveals that these works posit an ethical system in which an <strong>individual\u2019s actions are judged<\/strong> in light of how well they<strong> accord with the individual\u2019s role in society<\/strong> and<strong> how well they contribute to the community<\/strong>. To the extent that these works are representative of Aztec thought, Purcell\u2019s analysis suggests that ___________.<br>Which choice most logically completes the text?<br>A) the Aztecs would have disputed the idea that the morality of an individual\u2019s actions can be assessed by appealing to standards of behavior that are independent of the individual\u2019s social circumstances.<br>B) the Aztecs would not have accepted the notion that the morality of an individual\u2019s actions can be fairly evaluated by people who do not live in the same society as that individual. (Incomplete)<br>C) actions by members of Aztec society who contributed a great deal to their community could be judged as morally good <s>even if those actions were inconsistent with behaviors the Aztecs regarded as good in all contexts<\/s>.<br>D) similar actions performed by people in <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">different social roles<\/mark> in Aztec society would have been regarded as <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">morally equivalent<\/mark> unless those actions led to different outcomes for the community.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>18th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1 ng Minh became the thirteenth secretary-general of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in January 2013, making _____________ the first time the organization would appoint a Vietnamese leader.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) these<br>B) those<br>C) this<br>D) some<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice C<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is pronoun-antecedent agreement. The singular pronoun \u201cthis\u201d agrees in number with the singular antecedent \u201cL\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh became the thirteenth secretary-general of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in January 2013.\u201d The pronoun \u201cthis\u201d is referring back to the singular event described earlier in the sentence in which Minh became secretary-general of ASEAN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the plural pronoun \u201cthese\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular antecedent \u201cL\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh became the thirteenth secretary general of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in January 2013.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Here, choice B is incorrect because the plural pronoun \u201cthose\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular antecedent \u201cL\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh became the thirteenth secretary general of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in January 2013.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because the indefinite pronoun \u201csome\u201d is ambiguous in this context; the resulting sentence leaves unclear what marks the first time the organization appointed a Vietnamese leader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">This or That: We also use it to indicate a whole sentence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>19th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>In 1929, Edwin Herbert Land invented a polarizing filter that was featured in a number of products, from sunglasses to 3D movies. A decade later, Land _________ his technology to invent the world\u2019s first instant camera, the Polaroid Land camera.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) used<br>B) to have used<br>C) to use<br>D) using<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice A<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is the use of verb forms within a sentence. A main clause requires a finite (tensed) verb to perform the action of the subject (in this case, Land), and this choice supplies the finite past tense verb \u201cused\u201d to indicate what Land did with the technology he had invented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The nonfinite perfect infinitive \u201cto have used\u201d doesn\u2019t supply the main clause with a finite verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The nonfinite to-infinitive \u201cto use\u201d doesn\u2019t supply the main clause with a finite verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because it results in an ungrammatical sentence. The nonfinite participle \u201cusing\u201d doesn\u2019t supply the main clause with a finite verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Learn <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/past-simple\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Tense<\/a>, Participles, Infinitive, and gerunds to answer such types of questions. You can learn Tenses from our page. <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/category\/grammar\/tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>20th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>An online content creator who uses copyrighted songs without permission risks being demonetized (prohibited from including paid advertisements in content). The best way to avoid demonetization is to choose music from the public domain. Using one of these noncopyrighted songs ___________ a creator won\u2019t lose advertising revenue.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) are ensuring<br>B) have ensured<br>C) ensure<br>D) ensures<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The singular verb \u201censures\u201d agrees in number with the singular subject \u201cusing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the plural verb \u201care ensuring\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular subject \u201cusing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Here, choice B is incorrect because the plural verb \u201chave ensured\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular subject \u201cusing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the plural verb \u201censure\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular subject \u201cusing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Learn <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/present-simple\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Tense<\/a>, to answer such types of questions. You can learn Tenses from our page. <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/category\/grammar\/tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Click Here<\/a><br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<br><\/strong>An online content creator who <strong>uses<\/strong> copyrighted songs without permission risks being demonetized (prohibited from including paid advertisements in content). The best way to avoid demonetization <strong>is<\/strong> to choose music from the public domain. Using <strong>one<\/strong> of these noncopyrighted <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">songs<\/mark> ___________ a creator won\u2019t lose advertising revenue. (<em>Present and Truth<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>21th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>After a spate of illnesses as a child, Wilma Rudolph was told she might never walk again. Defying all odds, Rudolph didn\u2019t just walk, she ___________ the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, she won both the 100-and 200-meter dashes and clinched first place for her team in the 4 \u00d7100-meter relay, becoming the first US woman to win three gold medals in a single Olympics.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) ran\u2014fast\u2014during<br>B) ran\u2014fast during<br>C) ran\u2014fast, during<br>D) ran\u2014fast. During<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use between sentences. In this choice, the period is used correctly to mark the boundary between one sentence (\u201cDefying\u2026fast\u201d) and another sentence that begins with a supplementary phrase (\u201cDuring\u2026Olympics\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect. When a dash is present in a sentence (\u201cran\u2014fast\u201d), it\u2019s not conventional to use another dash (\u201cfast\u2014during\u201d) to mark the boundary between sentences because it creates a potentially confusing sentence. In this context, a period, semicolon, or colon would be clear and more conventional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The sentences (\u201cDefying\u2026fast\u201d) and (\u201cduring\u2026Olympics\u201d) are fused without punctuation and\/or a conjunction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can\u2019t be used in this way to mark the boundary between sentences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">The paragraph and the blank sentence are in the Past. Learn <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/past-simple\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Past Tense<\/a>, to answer such types of questions. You can learn Tenses from our page. <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/category\/grammar\/tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Click Here<\/a><br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br><strong>1) During: <\/strong>does not consider the prior sentence starting from &#8220;Defying&#8230;she&#8230;&#8221; It won&#8217;t make a sentence if you add it to this sentence.<br><strong>2) Think:<\/strong> During the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, she won&#8230;<br>OR<br>Any other options?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>22th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>In many of her landscape paintings from the 1970s and 1980s, Lebanese American artist Etel Adnan worked to capture the essence of California\u2019s fog-shrouded Mount Tamalpais region through abstraction, using splotches of color to represent the area\u2019s features. Interestingly, the triangle representing the mountain itself ____________ among the few defined figures in her paintings.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) are<br>B) have been<br>C) were<br>D) is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The singular verb \u201cis\u201d agrees in number with the singular subject \u201cthe triangle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because the plural verb \u201care\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular subject \u201cthe triangle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Here, choice B is incorrect because the plural verb \u201chave been\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular subject \u201cthe triangle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because the plural verb \u201cwere\u201d doesn\u2019t agree in number with the singular subject \u201cthe triangle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">We choose the verb based on the Subject, which is singular. Hence we use Present Simple. You can learn Tenses from our page. <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/category\/grammar\/tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Click Here<\/a><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>In many of her landscape paintings from the 1970s and 1980s, Lebanese American artist Etel Adnan <strong>worked<\/strong> to capture the essence of California\u2019s fog-shrouded Mount Tamalpais region through abstraction, using splotches of color to represent the area\u2019s features<strong>. Interestingly, the triangle<\/strong> representing the mountain itself ____________ among the few <strong>defined<\/strong> figures in her paintings.<br><br><strong>Options made it easy for us: If there is an option of &#8220;WAS&#8221; then we will prefer it over &#8220;IS.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>23th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>Seneca sculptor Marie Watt\u2019s blanket art comes in a range of shapes and sizes. In 2004, Watt sewed strips of blankets together to craft a 10-by-13-inch _____________ in 2014, she arranged folded blankets into two large stacks and then cast them in bronze, creating two curving 18-foot-tall blue-bronze pillars.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) sampler later,<br>B) sampler;<br>C) sampler,<br>D) sampler, later,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is the coordination of main clauses within a sentence. This choice uses a semicolon in a conventional way to join the first main clause (\u201cIn 2004\u2026sampler\u201d) and the second main clause (\u201cin 2014\u2026pillars\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction following it, a comma can\u2019t be used in this way to join two main clauses. The word \u201clater\u201d is an adverb and cannot be used to join two main clauses unless it is preceded by a conjunction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction following it, a comma can\u2019t be used in this way to join two main clauses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction following it, a comma can\u2019t be used in this way to join two main clauses. The word \u201clater\u201d is an adverb and cannot be used to join two main clauses unless it is preceded by a conjunction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Learn Punctuation to understand it better.<br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>1) Three Commas: In 2004&#8230;pillars.<br>2) <strong>Semi-Colon:<\/strong> separates two independent clause<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>24th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>African American Percy Julian was a scientist and entrepreneur whose work helped people around the world to see. Named in 1999 as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist in the past hundred years, _________ led to the first mass-produced treatment for glaucoma.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) Julian synthesized the alkaloid physostigmine in 1935; it<br>B) in 1935 Julian synthesized the alkaloid physostigmine, which<br>C) Julian\u2019s 1935 synthesis of the alkaloid physostigmine<br>D) the alkaloid physostigmine was synthesized by Julian in 1935 and<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice C<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-modifier placement. This choice makes the noun phrase \u201cJulian\u2019s 1935 synthesis\u201d the subject of the sentence and places it immediately after the modifying phrase \u201cnamed\u2026years.\u201d In doing so, this choice clearly establishes that Julian\u2019s 1935 synthesis of the alkaloid physostigmine\u2014and not another noun in the sentence\u2014 was named in 1999 as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist in the past hundred years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun \u201cJulian\u201d immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that Julian himself was named as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist in the past hundred years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the prepositional phrase \u201cin 1935\u201d immediately after the modifying phrase illogically and confusingly suggests that \u201cin 1935\u201d was named as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist in the past hundred years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of the noun phrase \u201cthe alkaloid physostigmine\u201d immediately after the modifying phrase illogically and confusingly suggests that the alkaloid physostigmine itself (not the synthesis of it) was named as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist in the past hundred years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Understanding of English Standards is most important.<br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>African American Percy Julian was a <strong>scientist and entrepreneur <\/strong>whose work helped people around the world to see. Named in 1999 as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist in the past hundred years, _________ led to the first mass-produced treatment for glaucoma.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) Julian synthesized the alkaloid physostigmine in 1935<strong>; <\/strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">it<\/mark> (<em>Doesn&#8217;t usually use to define sentenc<\/em>e)<br>B) <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">in 1935<\/mark> Julian synthesized the alkaloid physostigmine, which (<em>Confusing<\/em>)<br>C) Julian\u2019s 1935 synthesis of the alkaloid physostigmine<br>D) the alkaloid physostigmine <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">was synthesized<\/mark> by Julian in 1935 <mark class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">and<\/mark> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>25th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>The Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden in Norway and the Jardim Bot\u00e2nico of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil are two of many botanical gardens around the world dedicated to growing diverse plant ___________ fostering scientific research; and educating the public about plant conservation.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) species, both native and nonnative,<br>B) species, both native and nonnative;<br>C) species; both native and nonnative,<br>D) species both native and nonnative,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is the punctuation of items in a complex series (a series including internal punctuation). The semicolon after \u201cnonnative\u201d is correctly used to separate the first item (\u201cgrowing diverse plant species, both native and nonnative\u201d) and the second item (\u201cfostering scientific research\u201d) in the series of things that botanical gardens are dedicated to. Further, the comma after \u201cspecies\u201d is correctly used to separate the noun phrase \u201cdiverse plant species\u201d and the supplementary phrase \u201cboth native and nonnative\u201d that modifies it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because a comma (specifically, the comma after \u201cnonnative\u201d) can\u2019t be used in this way to separate items in a complex series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because a semicolon can\u2019t be used in this way to separate the noun phrase \u201cdiverse plant species\u201d and the supplementary phrase \u201cboth native and nonnative\u201d that modifies it. Further, a comma can\u2019t be used in this way to separate items in a complex series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because it fails to use appropriate punctuation to separate the noun phrase \u201cdiverse plant species\u201d and the supplementary phrase \u201cboth native and nonnative\u201d that modifies it. Further, a comma can\u2019t be used in this way to separate items in a complex series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">A comma is for tiny pauses and a semi-colon is for pauses. We cannot use two semi-colons in one sentence back to back, as you notice later there is one semi-colon already in the paragraph after the blank.<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br><strong>1) Growing, Fostering, Educating:<\/strong> These three hints of three connectors of Botanical&#8230;dedicated to.<br><br>The Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden in Norway and the Jardim Bot\u00e2nico of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil are two of many <strong><mark style=\"color:#5bc300\" class=\"has-inline-color\">botanical gardens around the world dedicated to<\/mark> growing<\/strong> diverse plant ___________ <strong>fostering<\/strong> scientific research; and <strong>educating<\/strong> the public about plant conservation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>26th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>A turtle shell appears external to the animal, protecting its body like armor. ______________ the shell is often incorrectly assumed to be an exoskeleton, a rigid outer casing like that of a crustacean or an insect, when in fact it is an endoskeleton, a part of the turtle\u2019s internal bone structure, more akin to a spine or a pair of ribs.<br>Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?<br>A) That being said,<br>B) However,<br>C) For instance,<br>D) Hence,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong> is the best answer. \u201cHence\u201d logically signals that the information in this sentence about turtle shells\u2014that people incorrectly assume they are exoskeletons\u2014is a consequence of the shells appearing external to the animal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect because \u201cthat being said\u201d illogically signals that this sentence qualifies or contrasts with the previous information about turtle shells appearing external to the animal. Instead, it presents a consequence of that information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice B is incorrect because \u201chowever\u201d illogically signals that this sentence contrasts with the previous information about turtle shells appearing external to the animal. Instead, it presents a consequence of that information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because \u201cfor instance\u201d illogically signals that this sentence provides an example supporting the previous information about turtle shells appearing external to the animal. Instead, it presents a consequence of that information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Skim the paragraph and focus on your vocabulary for better understanding.<br><strong>WORD MEANING<br>That being said: <\/strong><br>~ <strong>used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or adds to a previous statement<\/strong><br>~ in spite of this, nevertheless, although, however<br><br><strong>However:<br><\/strong>~ used to introduce a statement that&nbsp;contrasts&nbsp;with or seems to&nbsp;contradict&nbsp;something that has been said previously<br><br><strong>For Instance:<br><\/strong>~ as an example or for example<br><br><strong>Hence:<br><\/strong>~ as a consequence; for this reason<br>~ from now (used after a period of time)<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>A turtle shell <strong>appears<\/strong> external to the animal, <strong>protecting its body<\/strong> like armor. ______________ the shell <strong>is<\/strong> often incorrectly assumed to be an <strong>exoskeleton<\/strong>, a rigid outer casing like that of a crustacean or an insect, when in fact it is an endoskeleton, a part of the turtle\u2019s internal bone structure, more akin to a spine or a pair of ribs.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\"><strong>27th Question<\/strong><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Question: <\/strong>From afar, African American fiber artist Bisa Butler\u2019s portraits look like paintings, their depictions of human faces, bodies, and clothing so intricate that it seems only a fine brush could have rendered them. When viewed up close, however, the portraits reveal themselves to be ______________ stitching barely visible among the thousands of pieces of printed, microcut fabric.<br>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?<br>A) quilts, and the<br>B) quilts, the<br>C) quilts; the<br>D) quilts. The<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-success\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\"><strong>Choice B<\/strong> is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use between a main clause and a supplementary phrase. This choice correctly uses a comma to mark the boundary between the main clause (\u201cthe portraits\u2026quilts\u201d) and the supplementary noun phrase (\u201cthe stitching\u2026fabric\u201d) that provides a further description of how the portraits can be identified as quilts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice A is incorrect. A comma and the conjunction \u201cand\u201d can\u2019t be used in this way to join a main clause and a supplementary noun phrase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice C is incorrect because a semicolon can\u2019t be used in this way to join a main clause and a supplementary noun phrase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">Choice D is incorrect because it results in a rhetorically unacceptable sentence fragment beginning with \u201cthe stitching.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:0.9em\">You should learn <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/category\/grammar\/parts-of-speech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Parts of Speech<\/a>, especially <a href=\"https:\/\/mrenglishkj.com\/blog\/category\/grammar\/parts-of-speech\/noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Nouns<\/a>, Articles; and Punctuation.<br><br><strong>FOCUSED KEYWORDS<\/strong><br>From afar, African American fiber artist Bisa Butler\u2019s portraits look like paintings, their depictions of human faces, bodies, and clothing so intricate that it seems only a fine brush could have rendered them. <strong>When viewed up close, <\/strong>however<strong>,<\/strong> the portraits reveal themselves to be ______________ stitching barely visible among the thousands of pieces of printed, microcut fabric.<br><br>There are two phrases connected to one.<br>1) <strong>When viewed up close, <\/strong>however<strong>,<\/strong> the portraits reveal themselves to be quilts.<br>2) <strong>When viewed up close, <\/strong>the stitching barely visible among the thousands of pieces of printed, microcut fabric.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Did you get the real-time experience? That is how you will take the final SAT exam. The explanation of answers makes it easy to learn and progress. You must try to work on your speed and spend less time on the beginning and more on the later questions. This is the 1st Practice Test of SAT Reading and Writing Module 1st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Either you can take the 2nd Practice Test of SAT Reading and Writing or the 1st Practice Test of SAT Reading and Writing Module 2nd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/sat-test-1-reading-and-writing-module-2nd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">SAT Test 1st (Reading and Writing Module 2nd)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/sat-test-1-module-1st-math-solution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">SAT Test 1st (Math Module 1st)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/reading-and-writing-1st-module-sat-test-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">SAT Test 2nd (Reading and Writing Module 1st)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>I wish you the best in your career. If you have any queries or feedback, please fill out the contact form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SAT English (Free Test 1 Reading and Writing Module 1st Hack: Prepare for the SAT exam by taking the SAT Tests FREE, this is Reading and Writing Module 1st with SAT questions and answers with their explanations<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowmvTFDA:productID":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"'true'","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[28,30],"class_list":["post-3675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-module-1st","tag-sat-module-1st","tag-reading-and-writing"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3675"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8881,"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3675\/revisions\/8881"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us.mrenglishkj.com\/sat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}